Wondering what is a freckle? Freckles are small, flat spots on the skin that are usually brown. They appear because of sun exposure, especially in people with fair skin. Freckles often show up in childhood or adolescence and become more noticeable in the summer. They are completely harmless and do not require treatment. While they may fade during winter, they often reappear with more sun exposure.
This article will explain what causes freckles, the different types, and ways to reduce their appearance if you prefer.
What is Freckle?
Freckles are those tiny flat spots on your skin that are usually brown or tan. They are more common in people with fair skin, and blonde or red hair. However, anyone can get them. On darker skin, freckles tend to be darker brown.
Red freckles are genetic, meaning you might inherit them from your parents. They often appear when you are about 2 or 3 years old, especially after spending too much time in the sun. You will usually find them on your face, neck, arms, and chest.
While they might fade during winter, they often come back when the sun shines again. As you get older, your freckles might become less noticeable. Each freckle is usually small, about the size of a pencil tip, with irregular edges.
Freckles vs moles: Moles can be brown, black, or pink. They can be flat or raised, and they often have irregular shapes. Unlike freckles, moles do not usually fade.
Skin tags are small, soft growths of skin that protrude from the body. They are usually flesh-colored or brown.
Sun spots (brown spots on the skin), also called age spots, are also flat like freckles. But they are larger than freckles.
What Are the Causes of Freckles?
Freckles are mainly caused by the sun. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun trigger a process in your skin. Your skin cells are called melanocytes. These cells make a pigment called melanin. Melanin helps protect your skin from the sun's harmful rays. When your skin is exposed to the sun, melanocytes produce more melanin. This is why your skin tans.
However, some people's melanocytes are grouped together instead of being spread out evenly. When these grouped melanocytes produce extra melanin, it creates freckles.
Genetics also plays a role. Some people are more likely to have freckles because of their family history. This means they inherit genes that influence melanin production.
There is a rare condition called xeroderma pigmentosum that makes people extremely sensitive to sunlight. People with this condition often develop freckles.
Types of Freckles
There are two main types of freckles: ephelides and solar lentigines.
Ephelides are the classic freckles most people think of. They are small spots that are usually light brown or tan. Ephelides tend to appear in clusters on areas exposed to the sun, like the face, shoulders, and arms. They often become more noticeable in the summer and fade a bit in the winter.
Solar lentigines are different. They are larger, flatter brown spots caused by long-term sun exposure. Unlike ephelides, they do not usually fade in the winter. Solar lentigines are often called age spots, but they are not just for older people. Anyone can get them with enough sun exposure.
Are Freckles Harmful?
Freckles are generally harmless. They are nothing but a sign that your skin is producing extra melanocytes to protect itself from the harmful UV rays of the sun. With that said, it is important to keep an eye on any changes in your freckles or other skin spots.
While most freckles are nothing to worry about, it is a good idea to check your skin regularly. Look for any new spots, changes in size, shape, or color, or any spots that itch, bleed, or become painful (signs of skin cancer). If you notice anything unusual, it is best to see a dermatologist for a checkup.
How to Get Rid of Freckles
Freckles are harmless. But at times you may wonder “how can I remove freckles”. So, let's explore a few options you may want to try for safe freckle removal:
Professional Treatments
Laser Therapy: The laser therapy device works to target the melanin in freckles. The laser light has the potential to lighten or remove freckles. It may take multiple sessions to see complete results.
Chemical Peels: These use chemicals to exfoliate the top layers of skin, including freckles. There are different strengths of peels with each producing various results.
Microdermabrasion: This procedure involves using a Microdermabrasion machine to gently sand away the outer layer of skin. This, in turn, helps reduce the appearance of freckles.
Mole and Wart Remover Pen: This freckle pen is an effective way to remove freckles at the comfort of your home. It’s a user-friendly device that enables you to see the results quickly.
Home Remedies and Natural Treatments
Sun Protection: Consistently using water resistant sunscreen with a high SPF can help prevent new freckles from forming and may gradually lighten existing ones.
Vitamin C Serum: Some people believe vitamin C serum can help fade freckles over time.
Hydroquinone: This over-the-counter cream lightens dark spots, including freckles. Use it as directed and be aware of potential side effects.
Retinoids: Prescription retinoids can help improve skin texture and may lighten freckles.
Consult with a dermatologist before trying any new treatment, especially professional ones. They can recommend the best approach based on your skin type and freckle severity.
Preventing Freckles
The best way to prevent freckles is by protecting your skin from the sun. Always use sunscreen with a high SPF, even on cloudy days. Wearing hats and sunglasses can also help shield your skin from harmful UV rays.
Fake Freckles: A Beauty Trend
Fake freckles have become a popular beauty trend. Many people are using makeup products to create the look of freckles on their skin, even if they do not naturally have them. It is a way to experiment with different looks and add a touch of individuality.
FAQs Section
What are freckles and how do they form?
Freckles are tiny little spots on the skin. They form due to the overproduction of melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color.
Are freckles sun damage? Or Are freckles bad for you to have?
It’s thought that freckles are caused by sun exposure. They are not a direct sign of skin damage - though excessive sun exposure can lead to other skin problems.
Can freckles turn into skin cancer?
No, freckles are harmless. Monitor your skin regularly for changes in existing freckles or the appearance of new moles.
What is the best way to remove freckles?
The best method you can try to remove freckles is laser treatment. Then there are other options too including chemical peels, and over-the-counter products.
How can I prevent new freckles from forming?
Consistent sun protection is key to preventing new freckles. Use sunscreen with a high SPF and wear hats whenever you are out.
